![]() Recently, PD-1 blocking antibodies were approved by the FDA for the treatment of melanoma and lung cancer. Further studies showed that PD-L1 is highly expressed by many solid tumors/hematological malignancies, and that blockade of PD-L1 enhances killing of PD-L1 positive targets by CD8 T cells. Following the discovery of PD-L1 and PD-L2 as the ligands for the PD-1 receptor on T cells, we demonstrated the inhibitory function of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on T cells and showed that blockade of this pathway enhanced T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. The Freeman Laboratory studies the contribution of costimulatory signals to the immune response. ![]() degree in Microbiology and Molecular Genetics from Harvard University. Coley Award for Distinguished Research in Tumor Immunology, the Warren Alpert Foundation Prize, and the Richard Smalley, MD, Memorial Award. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Inventors, is a Fellow of the AACR and SITC Academies, and has received numerous awards, including the William B. Freeman has published over 400 scientific papers and holds over 90 US patents on immunotherapies. Freeman’s work led directly to the development of a successful strategy for cancer immunotherapy - blocking the PD-1-ligand interaction. He further showed that PD-L1 is highly expressed on many tumors and allows these tumors to resist immune attack. ![]() Freeman showed that PD-L1 and PD-L2 bound to PD-1 to turn off the immune response and that blockade of PD-L1/PD-1 enhanced immune responses. Gordon Freeman, PhD, Professor of Medicine at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, is renowned for discovering the PD-L1 and PD-L2 proteins.
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